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selecting a questionnaire
format
modes of administration
patient + administrator burden
populations
applications
benefits of the FACIT Measurement System scoring - $ -administration + scoring guidelines - $ -
scoring options - $ -
raw score templates - $ -
SAS + SPSS programs - $ -
validity - $ -reliability + validity reports - $ -
effect size calculations - $ -
interpreting scores - $ -
clinically meaningful change - $ -
normative data - $ -
raw score versus T-scores - $ -
referencesvalidation articles
related literature
translation project overview
list of FACIT questionnaires + translations
FACIT translation philosophy
FACIT translation methodology
translation of non-FACIT patient-reportedoutcomes measures
translation of research-related materials:
instructions, diaries, consent forms
cultural adaptation
reviewing
editing
proofreading
formatting
forms design
multicultural instrument development and consulting
case report form (CRF) design
translation articles
licensure
FACIT DEVELOPMENT + VALIDATION REFERENCESArticles/Abstracts by subscale:
General Measures:
FACT-G (General):
Cella, D.F., Tulsky, D.S., Gray, G., Sarafian, B., Lloyd, S., Linn, E., Bonomi, A., Silberman, M., Yellen, S.B., Winicour, P., Brannon, J., Eckberg, K., Purl, S., Blendowski, C., Goodman, M., Barnicle, M., Stewart, I., McHale, M., Bonomi, P., Kaplan, E., Taylor, S., Thomas, C., & Harris, J. (1993). The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) scale: Development and validation of the general measure. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 11(3), 570-579.
Webster, K., Odom, L., Peterman, A., Lent, L., Cella, D. (1999). The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) measurement system: Validation of version 4 of the core questionnaire. Quality of Life Research, 8(7), 604.
Winstead-Fry, P., & Schultz, A. (1997). Psychometric assessment of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) scale in a rural sample. Cancer, 79(12), 2446-2452.
Overcash, J., Extermann, M., Parr, J., Perry, J., & Balducci, L. (2001). Validity and reliability of the FACT-G scale for use in the older person with cancer. American Journal of Clinical Oncology, 24(6), 591-596.
FACT-GP (General Population):
Cella, D., Zagari, M., Vandoros, C., Gagnon, D., Hurtz, H., & Nortier, J. (2002c). Epoetin Alfa treatment results in clinically significant improvements in quality of life in anemic cancer patients when referenced to the general population. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21, 366-373.
Cancer-Specific Measures:
FACT-B (Breast):
Brady, M.J., Cella D.F., Mo, F., Bonomi, A.E., Tulsky, D.S., Lloyd, S.R., Deasy, S., Cobleigh M., & Shiomoto, G. (1997). Reliability and validity of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) quality of life instrument. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 15, 974-986.
FACT-Br (Brain):
Weitzner, M.A., Meyers, C.A., Gelke, C., Byrne, K., Cella, D.F., & Levin, V.A. (1995). The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) scale: Development of a brain subscale and revalidation of the general version (FACT-G) in patients with primary brain tumors. Cancer, 75(5), 1151-1161.
FACT-C (Colorectal):
Ward, W.L., Hahn, E.A., Mo, F., Hernandez, L., Tulsky, D.S., & Cella, D. (1999). Reliability and validity of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal (FACT-C) quality of life instrument. Quality of Life Research, 8(3), 181-195.
Yost, K., Eton, D., Cella, D., Ayanian, J., Zaslavsky, A., & Dee West. (2002). Minimal Important Differences on the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Colorectal. Quality of Life Research, 11, (7), 629.
FACT-H&N: (Head & Neck):
List, M.A., D'Antonio, L.L., Cella, D.F., Siston, A., Mumby, P., Haraf, D., & Vokes, E. (1996). The Performance Status Scale for head and neck cancer patients and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck (FACT-H&N) scale: A study of utility and validity. Cancer, 77, 2294-2301.
D'Antonio, L.L., Zimmerman, G.J., Cella, D.F., & Long, S.A. (1996). Quality of life and functional status measures in patients with head and neck cancer. Archives of Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surgery, 122, 482-487.
FACT-Hep (Hepatobiliary):
Heffernan, N., Cella, D., Webster, K., Odom, L., Marone, M., Passik, S., Bookbinder, M., Fong, Y., Jarnagin, W., Blumgart, L. (2002). Measuring health-related quality of life in patients with hepatobiliary cancers: The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Hepatobiliary (FACT-Hep) questionnaire. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 20(9), 2229-2239.
FHSI (FACT-Hep Symptom Index):
Yount, S., Cella, D., Webster, K., Heffernan, N., Chang, C.H., Odom, L., van Gool, R. (2002) Assessment of Patient-Reported Clinical Outcome In Pancreatic And Other Hepatobiliary Cancers: The FACT Hepatobiliary Symptom Index. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 24(1), 32-44.
Cella D., Webster K., Chang CH, Odom N, Heffernan N, van Gool R. Deriving a clinically meaningful symptom index from the Functional Assessment of Cancer-Therapy-Hepatobiliary (FACT-Hep) Scale: The FHSI-8. (2000). Quality of Life Research, 9 (3), 293 (Abstract #1591).
Yount, S., Cella, D., Paul, D., Winn, R., Chang, C.-H., Weeks, J., Banik, D., Heffernan, N., Webster, K., van Gool, R., Odom, L. (2001). Rapid Assessment of Patient-Reported Symptoms in Advanced Cancers. Quality of Life Research, 10 (3), 212.
FACT-L (Lung):
Cella, D.F., Bonomi, A.E., Lloyd S.R., Tulsky, D.S., Kaplan, E., Bonomi, P. (1995). Reliability and validity of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Lung (FACT-L) quality of life instrument. Lung Cancer, 12, 199-220.
Cella, D., Eton, D., Fairclough, D.L., Bonomi, P., Heyes, A., Silberman, C., Wolf, M.K., & Johnson, D.H. (2002). What is a clinically meaningful change on the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung (FACT-L) questionnaire? Results from Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Study 5592. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 55, 285-295.
Cella, D.F., Bonomi, A.E., Lloyd S., Tulsky, D., Bonomi, P., & Kaplan, E. (1994). Reliability and validity of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung (FACT-L) quality of life instrument. Lung Cancer, 11(Suppl 1), 89 (Abstract #336).
Cella, D.F. (1995). The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung (FACT-L) quality of life instrument. In R.J. Gralla & C.M. Moinpour (Eds): Assessing Quality of Life in Patients with Lung Cancer: A Guide for Clinicians. New York: NCM Publishers, Inc.
FACT-Leu (Leukemia):
Webster K, Chivington K, Shonk C, Eremenco S, Yount S, Hahn E, van Gool R, Tallman M, & Cella D. (2002). Measuring quality of life (QOL) among patients with leukemia: The Functional Assessment of Cancer-Therapy-Leukemia (FACT-Leu). Quality of Life Research, 11(7), 678.
FACT-O: (Ovarian):
Basen-Enquist K, Bodurka-Bevers D, Fitzgerald MA, Webster K, Cella D, Hu S., & Gershenson D.M. (2001). Reliability and validity of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Ovarian (FACT-O). Journal of Clinical Oncology, 19(6), 1809-1817.
FACT-P (Prostate):
Esper, P., Mo, F., Chodak, G., Sinner, M., Cella, D., & Pienta, K.J. (1997). Measuring Quality of life in men with prostate cancer using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate (FACT-P) instrument. Urology, 50(6), 920-928.
Esper, P., Pienta, K., & Cella, D. (1995). FACT-P: A new instrument for quality of life evaluation in prostate cancer. Proceedings of the American Urological Association 1995 Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV.
Esper, P., Pienta, K., & Cella, D. (1995). Development of a new instrument for measuring quality of life in patients undergoing therapy for prostate cancer. Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Cancer Research 1995 Meeting.
Treatment-Specific Measures:
FACT-BMT (Bone Marrow Transplant):
McQuellon, R.P., Russell, G.B., Cella, D.F., Craven, B.L., Brady, M., Bonomi, A.E., & Hurd, D.D. (1997). Quality of life measurement in bone marrow transplantation: Development of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplantation (FACT-BMT) scale. Bone Marrow Transplantation, 19, 357-368.
FACT-BRM (Biologic Response Modifier):
Bacik, J., Mazumdar, M., Fairclough, D.L., Murphy, B., Mariani, T., Motzer, R., & Cella, D. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-BRM (FACT-BRM): A New Tool for the Assessment of Quality of Life in Patients Treated with Biologic Response Modifiers. In Press, Quality of Life Research, March, 2003.
Mazumdar, M., Bacik, J., Cella, D.F., & Fairclough, D.L. (2000). Validation of FACT-BRM (Biologic Response Modifier) and handling of missing data in QOL analysis. Society for Clinical Trials.
Motzer, R.J., Murphy, B.A., Bacik, J., Schwartz, L.H., Nanus, D.M., Mariani, T., Loehrer, P., Wilding, G., Fairclough, D.L., Cella, D., Mazumdar, M. (2000). Phase III trial of interferon alfa-2a with or without 13-cis-retinoic acid for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 18(16), 2972-2980.
FACT/GOG-Ntx (Neurotoxicity):
Calhoun, E.A., Welshman, E.E., Chang, C.H., Lurain, J.R., Fishman, D.A., Hunt, T., & Cella, D. Psychometric Evaluation of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group-Neurotoxicity (FACT/GOG-Ntx) questionnaire for patients receiving systemic chemotherapy. Submitted, International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer, April, 2003.
Calhoun, E.A., Fishman, D.A., Roland, P.Y., Lurain, J.R., Chang, C.-H., & Cella, D. (2000). Validity and selective sensitivity of the FACT/GOG-Ntx. Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 19, 446a.
FACT-Taxane:
Cella, D., Peterman, A., Hudgens, S., Webster, K., & Socinski, M.A. Measuring the side effects of taxane therapy in oncology: The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Taxane (FACT-Taxane). In Press, Blood, April 2003.
Symptom-Specific Measures:
FAACT (Anorexia/Cachexia):
Ribaudo, J., Cella, D., Hahn, E.A., Lloyd, S., Tchekmedyian, N.S., VonRoenn, J., & Leslie, W. (2000). Re-validation and shortening of the Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy (FAACT) questionnaire. Quality of Life Research, 9, 1137-1146.
Ribaudo, J., Cella, D., Hahn, E.A., Lloyd, S., Tchekmedyian, N.S., VonRoenn, J., & Leslie, W. (1998). Re-validation and shortening of the Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy (FAACT). Quality of Life Research, 8(7), 605.
FACT-An (Anemia) & FACIT-F (Fatigue):
Yellen, S.B., Cella, D.F., Webster, K.A., Blendowski, C., & Kaplan, E. (1997). Measuring fatigue and other anemia-related symptoms with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) measurement system. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 13, 63-74.
Cella, D. (1997). The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Anemia (FACT-An) scale: A new tool for the assessment of outcomes in cancer anemia and fatigue. Seminars in Hematology, 34(3, Suppl 2), 13-19.
Cella, D., Lai, J.S., Chang, C.H., Peterman, A., & Slavin, M. (2002). Fatigue in cancer patients compared with fatigue in the general population. Cancer, 94(2), 528-538.
Cella, D., Eton, D.T., Lai,F J-S., Peterman, A.H & Merkel, D.E. (2002). Combining anchor and distribution based methods to derive minimal clinically important differences on the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy anemia and fatigue scales. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management, 24 (6) 547-561.
FACT-ES: (Endocrine Symptoms):
Fallowfield, L.J., Leaity, S.K., Howell, A., Benson, S., & Cella, D. (1999). Assessment of quality of life in women undergoing hormonal therapy for breast cancer: Validation of an endocrine symptom subscale for the FACT-B. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 55, 189-199.
FACT-B + 4: (Breast plus lymphedema):
Coster, S., Poole K., & Fallowfield, L. (2001). The validation of a quality of life scale to assess the impact of arm morbidity in breast cancer patients post-operatively. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 68, 273-282.
FACT-N (Neutropenia):
Calhoun, E.A., Chang C.-H., Welshman, E.E., Cella, D. (in press). Development and Validation of the FACT-Neutropenia. Proceedings of the American Society of Hematology.
FACT-Th (Thrombocytopenia):
Hunt T., Beaumont, J., Webster, K., Cella, D., & Elting, L. Initial development and validation of a new self-report questionnaire: The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Thrombocytopenia (FACT-Th). Submitted. Quality of Life Research, April, 2003.
Non-Cancer-Specific Measures:
FACIT-Pal (Palliative care):
Greisinger, A.J., Lorimor, R.J., Aday, L.A., Winn, R.J., Baile, W.F. (1997). Terminally ill cancer patients. Cancer Practice, 5 (3), 147-154.
Greisinger, A.J., Weitzner, M.A., Lorimor, R.J., Aday, L.A., Cella, D.F., Amato, R.J., Fossella, F.V., Pazdur, R., Theriault, R.L., Storey, P., Teleki, S.S., & Winn, R.J. (1995). Development of a quality of life module for end-stage cancer patients. Proc ASCO, 14, 501 (Abstract #1641).
FACIT-Sp (Spiritual Well-Being):
Peterman A.H., Fitchett G, Brady M., Hernandez L, & Cella D. (2002). Measuring spiritual well-being in people with cancer: The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT-Sp). Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24(1), 49-58.
Brady, M.J., Peterman, A.H., Fitchett, G., & Cella, D. (1999). The expanded version of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT-Sp-Ex): Initial report of psychometric properties. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 21, 129.
FACIT-TS (Treatment Satisfaction):
Hahn EA, Cella D, Chang C, Lent L, Webster K, Eremenco S, Mirsky J. Development of the FACIT Treatment Satisfaction Scale. Seventh Annual Symposium of Contributed Papers: Quality of Life Evaluation (Proceedings), Drug Information Association, 2000 (abstr).
FAHI (Functional Assessment of HIV disease):
Cella, D.F., McCain, N.L., Peterman, A.H., Mo, F., & Wolen, D. (1996). Development and validation of the Functional Assessment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (FAHI) quality of life instrument. Quality of Life Research, 5, 450-463.
Peterman, A.H., Cella, D.F., Mo, F., & McCain, N. (1997). Psychometric validation of the revised Functional Assessment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (FAHI) quality of life instrument. Quality of Life Research, 6, 572-584.
Cella, D.F., & McCain, N.L. (1995). Validation of a quality of life (QOL) instrument for people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 17(Suppl), S067.
FAMS (Functional Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis):
Cella, D.F., Dineen, K., Arnason, B., Reder, A., Webster, K.A., Karabatsos, G., Chang, C., Lloyd, S., Mo, F., Stewart, J., Stefoski, D. (1996). Validation of the Functional Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis quality of life instrument. Neurology, 47, 129-139.
SWiP (Satisfaction with Pharmacist):
Hernandez, L., Chang, C.H., Cella, D., Corona, M., Shiomoto, G., & McGuire, D. (2000). Development and validation of the satisfaction with pharmacists scale. Pharmacotherapy, 20(7), 837-843.